Reef-associated sediments were collected from nine sites around Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep archipelago, north-western Indian Ocean, a densely populated island (2396 persons/km2) undergoing rapid modernization and development. To evaluate the potential anthropogenic impacts on reef ecosystems, sediment quality and reef health were assessed using the benthic foraminiferal assemblages, FoRAM Index (FI) and biogeochemical indices. Six benthic foraminiferal species representing six genera were identified, including symbiont-bearing taxa (Amphistegina, Neorotalia, Sorites) and heterotrophic groups (Quinqueloculina, Planispirillina, Uvigerina). FI values exceeded 4 across all sites, with several approaching 10, indicating healthy reef conditions and minimal contamination. Heavy metal concentrations in sediments followed the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Nd > Cu > Ni > Rb > Pb > Th > Sm > As > Co > Cd > Ag. Low Contamination Factor (CF < 1), Pollution Load Index (PLI < 1), and Ecological Risk indices (E <40; PERI<150) confirmed limited ecological risk. However, all the collected samples revealed test deformities in benthic foraminifera, ranging from 24% (KV-3) to 50% (KV-1), including aberrant chambers, extra chambers, and complex abnormalities. Such deformities indicate sub-lethal environmental stress despite otherwise favourable reef indices. Overall, Kavaratti’s reefs appear resilient, though early bioindicator signals highlight the need for continued monitoring under expanding anthropogenic pressures.
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